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Contents

Click an icon or a title to find information.

 Introducing Stedman's - An overview

 How Do I - Step-by-step instructions

 Search - Index of Help topics and features


Introducing Stedmans
Introducing Stedman's

Welcome to Stedman's Electronic Medical Dictionary Help.  For general information concerning Stedman's, choose one of the following topics:

Preface

License Agreement


Preface

Welcome to Stedman's Electronic Medical Dictionary.  You are looking at the latest iteration in a process that began 92 years ago, and you now have the most up-to-date authority on medical language produced with the latest technologies available to us as software publishers.

New In This Edition

This edition of Stedman's combines the richness of the 92-year history of Stedman's and the dynamic world of medicine today.  We added 12,000 new terms to Stedman's since the first electronic edition was published, many of them concentrated in the areas of biotechnology, biochemistry, genetics, embryology, epidemiology, radiology, and neurology, some of the most dynamic specialties in today's medical science.  In addition to new terms we have made a number of other changes:

High Profile Terms   Some terms have so profoundly altered the way medicine is practiced and consumed that they warrant more than the standard dictionary definition.  Our consultants identified 125 high profile terms, which appear with expanded definitions in this edition.

Nomina Anatomica  We also decided to look at how best to list anatomy terms--the vocabulary that plays such an important part in the language of medicine.  To no one's surprise we found that faculty and students said they are moving away from Latin (Nomina Anatomica), and that they are much more likely to use English translations of terms. So we decided to locate the definitions where readers are most likely to look--English translations of the Latin terms.  We have by no means deleted the Latin terms; they now direct readers to their English equivalents.  Arthur F. Dalley, II, Professor of Anatomy and Director of Medical Gross Anatomy in the Department of Biomedical Sciences at Creighton University of Medicine, spent nearly a year accomplishing this mammoth shift from Latin to English.

Green Means Go  Many entries do not have definitions; they are synonyms that point readers to the main term where the definition is found.  All  these synonyms appear in green, signaling readers to look up the word in green to find the definition. See and See Also references also appear in green. Readers will quickly realize that as soon as they see a word in green they need to move to it to find the definition.

Working Dictionary  Stedman's is a working dictionary, a record of a living language, and words are formed, spelled, pronounced, and defined as they are actually used.  Every dictionary contains words that by philological standards are misformed, misspelled, mispronounced, or misused.  A dictionary may suggest standards, but it cannot enforce them. Stedman's serves as a guide for those who wish to speak and write more precisely and to coin new terms more accurately.

Acknowledgements

Editing Stedman's is also much larger than any one person.  A group of consultants, editors, programmers, and database experts are responsible for this dictionary, and I am pleased to have served as the editor for this edition with this talented and creative team.

I would also like to acknowledge another large group--Stedman's users--whose comments, suggestions, additions, and corrections influence greatly the products we publish.  Thank you for your participation, and please continue to provide information to us that will make our products more useful to you.

Williams & Wilkins
Marjory Spraycar
June 1996
Baltimore, MD


License Agreement

Grant of Rights

This software program and the documentation are protected by copyright laws and international treaty.  The contents portions of the Software are a proprietary product of Williams & Wilkins, and the software engine portion of the Software is under license with and is a proprietary product of Novell Corporation.  In exchange for payment of a one-time fee for the software, Williams & Wilkins grants you the right to use the Software under the terms and conditions of  this Agreement.

Indications, adverse reactions and dosage schedules for drugs set forth in this dictionary are provided by the authors and editors.  Williams & Wilkins has not independently verified the accuracy of that information and does not make any representation in regard to its accuracy.  The reader should review the package information data of the manufacturers of the medications mentioned.


How Do I

Look up a word

Search for an entry word

Search for a word in a definition

Browse through a list of words

Search for anagrams

Pause and restart a search

Look up the last searches I have done

Put words from the dictionary into my document

Narrow or expand my search

Filter an anagram search

Filter a definition search

Include search commands

Use wildcard characters

Use the menus

Understand available menu commands


Search on Headword

Purpose

Use Search on Headword to look up a word by the entry word.  You can make your search more specific by including search commands or wildcard characters. You can look up words from a dictionary entry, from WordPerfect, or from any other application that supports copying to the Clipboard.

Steps

To look up a word by typing it directly,

1 	Choose Search on Browse or Search on Headword from the Search type menu or pop-up list.

2 	Type the word you want to look up in the Find text box.

3 	Choose the Lookup button.
or
Choose Lookup from the Definition menu.

To make your search more specific,

1 	Type the word(s) or part of the word(s) you want to look up in the Find text box.

2 	Click the arrow to the right of the Find text box to select and insert a search command or wildcard character.

You can also type the search command symbol or wildcard character directly in the Find text box.

3 	Choose the Lookup button.
or
Choose Lookup from the Definition menu.

4 	While the search list is being assembled, go to the definition of any word by clicking the word.
or
Choose the VCR-style forward or backward button to look at each entry, sequentially, in the search list.

Forward

Backward

To look up a word used in a dictionary entry,

1 	Place the insertion point in a word in an entry.

2 	Click the right mouse button.
or
Choose the current dictionary from the X-Ref menu.
or
Highlight the whole term and click Lookup.

To look up a word from WordPerfect for Windows 6.0, 6.0a, or 6.1,

1 	Place the insertion point in the word you want to look up.

2 	Choose Stedman's Electronic Medical Dictionary from the Tools menu.

To look up a word in a non-WordPerfect application using hot keys,

1 	Select the word you want to look up.

2 	Press and hold down Ctrl+Left Shift+D (or the keystrokes you have customized using Hotkey).

See Also:

Anagrams

Browse on Index

Hotkey

Next, Previous, Pause, and Restart Buttons

Search Commands

Search on Definitions

Wildcard Characters


Anagrams

Purpose

Use anagrams to search for words that are anagrams of other words or a group of letters.  Anagram searching is not case sensitive.

Steps

1 	Choose Anagrams from the Search type menu or pop-up list.

2 	Type a word or a series of letters in the Find text box.

3 	Choose the Lookup button.
or
Choose Lookup from the Definition menu.

4 	While the search list is being assembled, go to the entry of any word by clicking the word.
or
Choose the forward or backward button to look at each entry, sequentially, in the search list.

Forward

Backward

See Also:

Anagram Search Filter

Next, Previous, Pause, and Restart Buttons


Anagram Search Filter

Purpose

Use Anagram Search Filter to find all possible letter combinations for using an anagram search or to specify the length of the anagrams you want to search.  For example, you can type a 5-letter word and specify to find all anagrams that are more than two letters.  The search list will display all anagrams of three or more letters.

Steps

1 	Choose Anagrams from the Search type menu or pop-up list.

2 	Choose Filter.

3 	Select Find all Letter Combinations to search for all anagrams, regardless of word length.

4 	If you want to restrict the search to words of a certain length, select More than and specify the number of letters.

5 	Choose OK.

See Also:

Anagrams


Buttons
Next, Previous, Pause and Restart Buttons

Purpose

Use the buttons above the search list to move one word at a time forward or backward through the search list, pause the current search, and restart a search that you have paused.

Steps

1 	choose a search type from the Search type menu or pop-up list, then choose Lookup if necessary.

2 	While the search list is being assembled or after it has been assembled, choose the buttons above the search list to perform the following actions.

     Move forward one word at a time through the search list.

     Move backward one word at a time through the search list.

Pause a search.

Restart a search that has been paused.  This button only displays if you have paused a search.

See Also:

Lookup


Lookup

Purpose

Use Lookup with a Search type to look up a word in the dictionary.

Steps

1 	Choose from the following topics for more information about using Lookup with different search types:

Anagrams

Search on Definitions

Search on Headword


Search on Definitions

Purpose

Use Search on Definitions to search definitions for entries that contain the word you specify.

Only the definition text is searched, not words in the etymological information.  The full keyword that you specify is found rather than parts of the keyword.  You can make your search more specific by including search commands or wildcard characters.

Steps

To perform a general search,

1 	Choose Search on Definitions from the Search type menu or pop-up list.

2 	Type the keyword in the Find text box and then choose Lookup.

3 	While the search list is being assembled, go to the definition of any word by clicking the word.
or
Choose the VCR-style forward or backward button to look at each entry, sequentially, in the search list.

Forward

Backward

To make  your search more specific,

1 	Type a keyword in the Find text box.

2 	If you want to specify a search filter, choose Filter, make selections, then choose OK.

3 	Click the quick button to select and insert a search command or wildcard character.

4 	Choose Lookup.

See Also:

Definition Search Filter

Next, Previous, Pause, and Restart Buttons

Search Commands

Wildcard Characters


Definition Search Filter

Purpose

Use Definition Search Filter to select the part(s) of the entry to search, select the categories or groups of words to search, specify the range of words in which to search, and select case sensitivity and word forms.

Steps

1 	Choose Search on Definitions from the Search type menu or pop-up list.

2 	Choose Filter.

3 	Select from the following options:

Select the blocks
Search only the individual parts of the entry you select.  You can choose Clear all or Select all.

Proximity
When searching multiple words, search within a range of words.

Case Sensitivity
Search for words in the case you type them.  For example, a search for hydroxide would not search for Hydroxide.

Find all Forms
Search for entries containing any form of a word.  For example, searching for implant would also search for implants, implanting, and implanted.

4    Choose OK.

See Also:

Search on Definitions


Search Commands

Purpose

Use search commands to narrow or expand a search.

Steps

1 	Choose Search on Headword or Search on Definitions from the Search type menu or pop-up list.

2 	Type the word(s) or part of the word(s) you want to look up in the Find text box.

3 	Click the Find box to select and insert a search command listed below.

You can also type the search command symbol in the Find text box.

4 	Choose the Lookup button.
or
Choose Lookup from the Definition menu.

Search Commands

&
AND.  Used with Search on Definitions only.  Narrows a search by retrieving only those entries that have both keywords in their definitions.

Example

Type heart & lung.  This search pattern will find all terms that have the word heart and the word lung in their definitions.

l
OR. Used with Search on Definitions only.  Expands a search by retrieving entries that have either the first word or the second word in their definitions.

Example

Type heart l lung.  This search pattern will find every entry that has the word heart and the every entry that has the word lung.

!
NOT.  Used with Search on Definitions only.  Narrows a search by retrieving only those entries that have the first keyword in their definitions but not in the second.

Example

Type heart ! lung.  This search pattern will find every entry that contains the word heart but does not contain the word lung.

( )
GROUP.  Used on Search on Definitions only.  Determines the order or priority of the search.  Keywords inclosed in parentheses are searched first.

Example

Type (vein I artery) ! circulation.  This search pattern will find any entry that contains either the word artery as long as that definition does not contain the word circulation and every definition that contains the word vein as long as the definition does not contain the term circulation.  You can use no more than two commands unless you use a set of parentheses.  Parentheses must have both an opening and a closing parenthesis.

"
EXACT MATCH.  Used with Search on Headword and Search on Definitions.  Finds the word or the entries that contain the word exactly as you have typed it, in form and case.

See Also:

Wildcard Characters


Wildcard Characters

Purpose

Use wildcard characters to narrow or expand a search.

Steps

1 	Choose Search on Headword or Search on Definitions from the Search type menu or pop-up list.

2 	Type the word(s) or part of the word(s) you want to look up in the Find text box.

3 	Click the Find box to select and insert a wildcard character listed below.

You can also type the wildcard character  in the Find text box.

4 	Choose the Lookup button.
or
Choose Lookup from the Definition menu.

Wildcard  Characters

*
You can represent a series of letters by the character *.

Example

rh* generates a list of all words that begin with rh.

All words that match the entered word will be found whether they have the same capitalization as the word or not.

If you want to search for two words, type letters for both words but do not include any spaces.  The search list will include two (or more) word combinations that match the text you type and single words that match the total number of letters of the entered text.  For example, a wildcard search for  rh*ar* will find both rhabarberone and rheumatoid arthritis.

?
You can represent a single letter by the character ?.

Example

to? finds all three letter words that start with to.

All words that match the entered word will be found whether they have the same capitalization as the word or not.

If you want to search for two words, type letters for both words but do not include any spaces.  The search list will include two (or more) word combinations that match the text you type and single words that match the total number of letters of the entered text.  For example, a wildcard search for  fibr???goit?? will find fibrous goiter.

See Also:

Search Commands


Browse on Index

Purpose

Use Browse on Index to look through a complete dictionary word list.  Browsing starts when you type a letter or series of letters.

Example

Typing g in the Find text box after choosing Browse on Index displays a list of words starting with g.  Adding e to make ge changes the search list to words starting with ge, and so on.

Steps

1 	Choose Browse on Index from the Search type menu or pop-up list.

2 	Type the first few letters of a word in the Find text box.

Each time you add or delete letters, the search list is updated.

3 	Click a word in the list to go to the entry of that word.
or
Choose the forward or backward button to look at each entry, sequentially, in the search list.

Forward

Backward

See Also:

Next, Previous, Pause, and Restart Buttons


Hotkey

Purpose

Use Hotkey to specify keystrokes to start the dictionary from a non-WordPerfect application and to copy and paste.

Steps

1 	Choose the Preferences button
or
Choose Preferences from the Edit menu.

2 	Double-click the Hotkey icon.

3 	In the Hotkey group box, select the keys and type the letter to specify the hot key combination for starting the dictionary from a non-WordPerfect application.

4 	Make sure Enabled is selected.

5 	In the Parent Application keys group box, type letters in the text boxes to specify the keystrokes to copy or paste from the dictionary to a non-WordPerfect application.

You can select the check boxes to add a delete or a backspace, which can prevent the application from adding unwanted spaces.

6 	Choose OK.

See Also:

Paste

Replace


Paste

Purpose

Use Paste with Copy to past text from the Clipboard to your document or to paste text from a dictionary entry to the Find text box.

Steps

1 	Copy text from a dictionary entry.

2 	Position the insertion point in your document where you want to paste the text.
or
Position the insertion point in the Find text box.

3 	Press Ctrl+v.
or
Select Paste from the Edit menu.

See Also:

Copy


Copy

Edit, Copy

Purpose

Use Copy to copy text from a dictionary entry to the Clipboard where you can then paste or replace the text in your document.

Steps

1 	Select the text you want to copy.

2 	Choose Copy from the Edit menu.

See Also:

Paste

Replace


Replace

Purpose

Use Replace to paste dictionary text into your document by inserting text or replacing existing text.

Steps

1 	Position the insertion point in your document where you want to insert text from the dictionary.
or
Select a word or phrase that you want to replace.

2 	Start Stedman's Electronic Medical Dictionary by selecting it from the Tools menu or using a hot key.

3 	Select the word or phrase in the dictionary that you want to paste into the document.

4 	Choose the Replace button.
or
Choose Replace from the Edit menu.

See Also:

Copy

Hotkey

Paste


Menu Commands

Definition Menu

Lookup

Print

Exit

Edit Menu

Undo

Copy

Paste

Find

Replace

Preferences

Search Type Menu

Browse on Index

Search on Headword

Search on Definitions

Anagrams

View History

X-Ref Menu

The current dictionary and other dictionaries that use the Novell dictionary engine display on this menu.  With  your insertion point in a word, look up or cross-reference the word by choosing the current dictionary or another dictionary.

Help Menu

Help Index

Glossary

About ...


Print

Purpose

Use print to print the current directory entry or search list.

Steps

1 	Display the dictionary entry or search list you want to print.

2 	Choose Print from the Definition menu.

3 	Select Definition or Word list, then specify the number or columns, if necessary.

4 	Choose OK.


Exit

Purpose

Use Exit to exit the dictionary.

Steps

1 	Choose Exit from the Definition menu.


Undo

Purpose

Use Undo to reverse your last action in the Find text box.

Steps

1 	Choose Undo from the Definition menu.


Find

Purpose

Use Find to locate a specific word in the currently displayed entry.

Steps

1 	Choose Find from the Edit menu.

2 	Type the word you want to find in the Find text box in the Find in Definition dialog box.

You can include wildcard characters by typing them or by choosing the arrowhead button to the right of the Find text box and selecting ? or *.

3 	Select from the following options:

Whole Words Only
Search for whole words, not parts of words.

Case Sensitive
Search for words in the case you type them.  For example, if you type hydroxide, the search would not find Hydroxide.

Start at Cursor Position
Search for words from the insertion point forward or backward in the entry.  The search will not encompass the entire entry.

4    Choose Find Next to search forward through the entry.
      or
      Choose Find Previous to search backward through the entry.

5    Choose Close when you are done searching.


Preferences

Purpose

Use Preferences to change dictionary options.  You can change the path and filename of the dictionary, change the color and font size of entry text, turn off parts of the entry, change hot keys, and change the language of the interface. You can also specify the number of words kept in View history, save the workspace, display Help prompts, turn off the logo on the main screen, and specify the screen layout.

Steps

1 	Choose the Preferences button.
or
Choose Preferences from the Edit menu.

2 	Choose from the following options:

File
Change the path and filename of the dictionary.

Display
Change the font size and color of the entry text; turn off display of parts of the entry.

Hotkey
Specify the keystrokes you want to use from a non-WordPerfect application to start the dictionary and to copy and paste.

Language
Change the language of the interface.

Environment
Specify the number of words to be kept in View history, specify to save the workspace, specify to show Help prompts, specify to display the logo on the main screen, and specify the screen layout.

See Also:

Display

Environment

File

Hotkey

Language


Display

Purpose

Use Display to change the font size and color of the entry text and to turn off display of parts of the entry.

Steps

1 	Choose the Preferences button.
or
Choose Preferences from the Edit menu.

2 	Double-click the Display icon.

3 	In the list under Group, select parts of the entry, then click a color under Select a Color to change the default color.  Choose Defaults to see the default colors and parts of the entry displayed.

4 	Deselect check boxes under View ON/OFF to turn off display of parts of the entry.

5 	Select a Font size for the entry text from the Font size drop-down list.

6 	Choose OK.


Environment

Purpose

Use Environment to specify the number of words to be kept in View history, specify to save the workspace, specify to show Help prompts, specify to display the logo on the main screen, and specify the screen layout.

Steps

1 	Choose the Preferences button.
or
Choose Preferences from the Edit menu.

2 	Double-click the Environment icon.

3 	Select from the following options:

Enter History Buffer
Specify the number of words that will be saved to be displayed when you select View history.  The default is 20 words.

Save Workspace
Save everything you have specified for the main dictionary dialog box, including display size and location.

Show Long Prompts
Display Help prompts across the title bar.  These prompts give help based on where your mouse pointer is positioned.  For example, a different Help prompt displays for each menu item.

Display logo on main screen
Turn Stedman's Electronic Medical Dictionary logo on and off in the main dictionary dialog box.  If  your workspace is limited, turning the logo off will allow you to make the main dictionary dialog box smaller.

Vertical or Horizontal Split, Definition on Right, Left, Bottom, or Top
Arrange the layout of the search list and definitions.

4 	Choose OK.

See Also:

View History


View History

Purpose

Use View history to show a list of words you have looked up in a session, with the most recent one on top.  You can quickly access dictionary entries in the list by clicking the words.

Steps

1 	Choose View history from the Search type menu or pop-up list.

2 	Click a word in the list to go to the entry of that word.
or
Choose the forward or backward button to look at each entry, sequentially, in the list.

Forward

Backward

See Also:

Environment


File

Purpose

Use File to change the path and filename of the dictionary.

Steps

1 	Choose the Preferences button.
or
Choose Preferences from the Edit menu.

2 	Double-click the File icon.

3 	Enter the drive and path of the book data.
or
Click the Browse button and select the drive and path of the book data.

4 	Choose OK.


Language

Purpose

Use Language to change the language of the dictionary's interface.  The interface includes all text in menus, dialog boxes, and so forth.

Steps

1 	Choose the Preferences button.
or
Choose Preferences from the Edit menu.

2 	Double-click the Language icon.

3 	Select a language.

4 	Choose OK.

This feature currently supports only the English language.


Help Index

A

About ...

Anagram Search Filter

Anagrams

B

Browse on Index

Buttons

C

Case Sensitivity

Clipboard

color

Contents

Copy to Clipboard

Copy

D

Definition Search Filter

dialog box layout

Display

DLL release

E

Environment

Exit

F

File

filename

Find all Forms

Find

font size

G

Glossary

H

Help Index

Help prompts

history buffer

horizontal split layout

Hotkey

How Do I

I

inserting text

Introducing Stedmans

K

keystrokes

L

Language

License Agreement

logo

long prompts

Lookup

M

Menu Commands

N

Next

P

Paste

path

Pause

Preface

Preferences

Previous

Print

Proximity

R

Replace

replacing text

Restart

S

screen layout

Search Commands

Search on Definitions

Search on Headword

setting view history buffer

T

title bar  help prompts

U

Undo

V

vertical split layout

View History

W

Wildcard Characters

workspace


Glossary

A

abbreviation

acronym

adjective

adverb

anagram

antonym

C

Clipboard

E

etymology

H

homographs

hyphenation points

I

inserting text

interjection

intransitive verb

N

noun

O

obsolete

P

participle

phrasal verb

pl. or plural

preposition

primary stress

pronoun

R

replacing existing text

S

synonym

T

transitive verb

V

verb

W

wildcard


About ...

Purpose

Use About ... to see the program and shared DLL release dates.

Steps

1 	Choose About ... from the Help menu.


abbreviation

A shortened form of a word or phrase used to represent the whole.   Example:  Dr. is an abbreviation for Doctor.


acronym

A word formed from the initial letter of a word or words of a compound term.


adjective

A word used to modify a noun or a pronoun.  Example: blue sky.


adverb

A word that is used to modify a verb, an adjective or another verb.  Examples:  He walks carefully.  He is a really skilled cook.  She sang very beautifully.


anagram

A word, phrase or sentence formed from another by rearranging its letters.  Example:  Angel is an anagram of glean.


antonym

A word with a meaning approximately the opposite to another.  Example:  Cold is an antonym of hot.


Clipboard

A temporary storage area for copied text.


etymology

The history or origin of a word or element of a word.


homographs

Words with identical spellings but different origins.


hyphenation points

The points within a word where the word can be properly hyphenated.


inserting text

Inserting text places the selected text from the dictionary at the insertion point in the document and moves the rest of the text to accommodate it.


interjection

A word that expresses emotion and has no grammatical relation to other words in the sentence.  Example: My goodness!  Gosh!  Oh!  Ow!


intransitive verb

A verb indicating a complete action, not accompanied by an object, and that does not form a passive.  Example:  I run.  We sat.


noun

A word used to name a person, place, thing, or idea.


obsolete

A label of time used to describe a word not currently in widespread use since about 1750.


participle

A verb form that is used as an adjective.  Example: as "burning" in a burning candle or "devoted" in your devoted friend.


phrasal verb

A combination of a verb together with an adverb or preposition forming a single unit having an idiomatic meaning not predictable from the meanings of the individual parts.  Examples:  catch on, take off, or put up with.


pl. or plural

Indicates that the word refers to more than one.  Example: children is the plural of child.


preposition

A word used to show the relation of a noun or pronoun to some other word in the sentence.  Examples:  I'm in the shower.  We brought a gift for you.


primary stress

A mark after the syllable in a word that should have the greatest emphasis in the pronunciation.  The symbol ' is used to show primary stress.  Example: diabetes (diabete'tes).


pronoun

A word used in place of one or more nouns or pronouns.  Example: She replaces Sabrina.


replacing existing text

Replacing text replaces the selected text in the document with the selected text from the dictionary.


synonym

A word with a close meaning to another.  Example: "radiograph" is a synonym for "roentgenogram".


transitive verb

A verb accompanied by a direct object and that forms a passive.  Examples: I deny it.  You elected him.  (Passive voice example:  He was elected by you.)


verb

A word that expresses action or a state of being.  Examples: think, know, blow, hit, run.


wildcard

A search feature that allows you to represent an unknown letter by the wildcard character ? or a string of letters by the wildcard character *.